A blister is a natural defense response of the body. In a blister, the epidermis of the skin separates from the dermis and serum, a colorless liquid fills the gap between the two layers. Serum is essentially what is left of the blood, once red blood cells and coagulation agents have been removed. When trauma or injury occurs, serum seeps out from the tissues in the affected area. It serves to protect the damaged tissue beneath it and allows it to heal properly. If infection occurs, pus may also collect within the blister. If the injury has resulted in the rupture of a small blood vessel near the skin’s surface, blood may also seep into the area between the skin layers. Blisters on the feet may occur due to wearing of shoes that are too tight, and blisters on the hands may result from excessive friction on the skin due to activities such as riding a bike. Certain diseases such as herpes and chicken pox also result in blisters called vesicles.
Blisters can be classified into different types depending on the cause. Irritation blisters result from physical irritation such as friction and chemical irritation such as exposure to chemical irritants. Extreme heat and cold can also cause blisters such as those in the case of sunburn and frostbite. Allergic reactions to substances such as detergents, solvents or poison ivy sometimes results in blisters. Insect stings and bites may also result in blisters. Certain medications can also cause mild blistering of the skin. In some cases, blisters are a symptom of autoimmune skin diseases. Some blisters may be painful and discomforting, while others can be quite painless. They may form either individually or in clusters. As the damaged skin under the blister heals and re-grows, the serum is absorbed by the body and the skin covering the blister is shed.
It is advisable to allow exposure to air when a blister occurs as this quickens the healing process. Keeping the area of the blister elevated helps to alleviate pressure and reduce discomfort. In case of blisters on the foot, padding the area is better than bandaging it. This provides a sort of cushion to it and prevents aggravation. Cold compresses are beneficial in easing swelling. You can place a piece of cotton soaked in cold water over the affected area for a few minutes. Aloe vera gel is also every effective for soothing blistered skin. Another beneficial remedy is to soak some garlic in warm oil and then apply it to the area of the blister. This will prevent further infection from forming within the blister.